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| Government Type |
confederation with parliamentary democracy |
| Legal System |
based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
| Currency |
Canadian dollar (CAD) |
| Economic Overview |
As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US. As a result of the close cross-border relationship, the economic sluggishness in the United States in 2001-02 had a negative impact on the Canadian economy. Real growth averaged nearly 3% during 1993-2000, but declined in 2001, with moderate recovery in 2002. Unemployment is up, with contraction in the manufacturing and natural resource sectors. Nevertheless, given its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant Canada enjoys solid economic prospects. Two shadows loom, the first being the continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking areas, which has been raising the specter of a split in the federation. Another long-term concern is the flow south to the US of professionals lured by higher pay, lower taxes, and the immense high-tech infrastructure. A key strength in the economy is the substantial trade surplus. |
| Natural Resources |
iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower |
| Primary Industries |
transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and natural gas |
| Agricultural Products |
wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish |
| Import Commodities |
machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods |
| Export Commodities |
motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum |
| Export Partners |
US 84.6%, Japan 2.2%, UK 1.6%, other EU 2.2% (2000) |
| AIRPORTS of Canada |
| Calgary International Airport |
The airport is located 20km (12.5 miles) northeast of central Calgary |
Detals |
| Halifax International Airport |
The airport is located 35km (21 miles) north of Halifax |
Detals |
| Montreal International Airport - Dorval |
International, Montréal, QC 18km (11miles), Position 45°28´05"N, 073°44´29"W, Elevation 35m (114ft),52 Aircraft Stands |
Detals |
| Saint John Airport |
Saint John, NB 16km (9miles), Position 45°18´45"N, 065°53´25"W, Elevation 357m (1,171ft),5 Aircraft Stands |
Detals |
| Toronto - Lester B Pearson International Airport |
The airport is located 27km (17 miles) northwest of Toronto |
Detals |
| Vancouver International Airport |
The airport is located 13km (8 miles) south of central Vancouver |
Detals |
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